资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
“俄乌冲突下的全球格局演变”学术研讨会举办******
光明网讯(记者 刘梦甜)1月7日,“俄乌冲突与国际关系演进”系列研讨会之五“俄乌冲突下的全球格局演变”学术研讨会在云端举办。暨南大学张振江教授、对外经济贸易大学戴长征教授、华中师范大学胡宗山教授、同济大学门洪华教授、兰州大学汪金国教授分别致开幕辞。暨南大学国际关系学院/华侨华人研究院党委书记、副院长鞠海龙教授主持了开幕式。
中国社会科学院学部委员、山东大学国际问题研究院院长张蕴岭教授作《国际区域学理论与实践思考》的主旨演讲。他指出,世界是一个整体,在结构上分为三个层次:国家—区域—世界。国家是世界的本位和基础,国际区域是世界构成结构的一个独立层次,这样,国际区域也就有了自己的本位。从理论来看,国际区域研究是一门独立的学问,长期以来,对区域国别研究有影响的理论大都来自西方国家,特别是美欧大国。从实践来看,中国作为一个区域大国,已经提出了一系列处理周边关系的理念、原则、政策,比如最早的“和平共处五项原则”,后来的“睦邻、安邻、富邻”的外交政策,“亲诚惠容”理念和命运共同体等——这些其实正反映了“我与区域”,即“中国怎么看待区域”。在此基础上,还要重视“你与区域”“他与区域”,也就是“周邻怎么看待区域”,“有利益相关的其他国家怎么看待区域”。从这三个方面共同构建起中国自己的话语体系,向周边和世界推介,才能在对外关系、国际交往中获得更多话语的主动性,提升中国的影响力。因此,推动中国特色的区域国别理论体系的构建十分必要。这是一个大工程,首先就需要形成我们自己的方法论,要培养大批具有交叉学科知识的新型人才,推出具有中国特色的区域国别学理论成果。
会议第一单元以“俄乌冲突下的国际政治、经济与安全形势”为主题。同济大学教授夏立平、暨南大学教授鞠海龙、华中师范大学、教授赵长峰、同济大学教授仇华飞、对外经济贸易大学教授李志永、兰州大学副教授陈一一、对外经济贸易大学副教授陈翔、华中师范大学副教授赵宁宁、暨南大学副教授李爱慧等九位专家分别围绕俄乌冲突下的中欧安全关系、欧盟制裁及其成效分析、国际舆情分析、联合国建设和平机制效用发挥情况和国际政治秩序等主题展开了分享。戴长征和门洪华对上述发言进行了评论。
会议第二单元以“俄乌冲突下中国周边政治、经济与安全形势”为主题。兰州大学教授陈小鼎、同济大学副教授刘渝梅、暨南大学副教授邓应文、同济大学副教授刘笑阳、兰州大学讲师常晓燕、华中师范大学副教授陈菲、同济大学助理教授栗潇远、兰州大学讲师刘倩、暨南大学讲师席金瑞等专家作了发言。汪金国和胡宗山对上述发言进行了评论。
活动由对外经济贸易大学国际关系学院/国家安全与治理研究院、华中师范大学政治与国际关系学院、暨南大学国际关系学院/华侨华人研究院、兰州大学政治与国际关系学院/兰州大学中亚研究所、同济大学政治与国际关系学院/中国战略研究院联合主办的,本次会议由暨南大学国际关系学院/华侨华人研究院承办,同济大学政治与国际关系学院/中国战略研究院协办。门洪华和张振江致闭幕辞。
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)