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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

中央网信办：严肃查处网络炫富、宣扬暴饮暴食等问题******

　　中新网1月18日电 据国家互联网信息办公室官方微信消息，为营造喜庆祥和的春节网上舆论氛围，中央网信办决定即日起开展为期1个月的“清朗·2023年春节网络环境整治”专项行动。此次专项行动开展时间为即日起至2月底，具体整治以下6方面：

　　——持续巩固“饭圈”治理成果，切实维护良好网络文娱生态。

　　一是密切关注春节晚会、春节档影视作品有关情况，整治借机挑唆粉丝群体互撕谩骂、攻击对立等问题，严防“饭圈”问题向体育、电竞等其他领域外溢。二是加强春节期间娱乐明星网上信息呈现规范管理，防止绯闻八卦、隐私爆料等信息占用公共平台资源。三是严禁网站平台借春节活动新设针对明星个人的榜单评选，不得变相诱导应援打榜。四是集中整治各类不良“网红”问题，严肃处置存在炒作劣迹行为史、刻意扮丑等问题的“网红”博主，查处炫耀服刑经历、美化服刑生活的所谓“励志网红”。

　　——严肃查处网络炫富、宣扬暴饮暴食等问题，避免不良风气反弹回潮。

　　一是集中清理借“天价年夜饭”“天价年终奖”“瀑布式压岁钱”“巨额红包”“顶级豪宅”“天价彩礼”等刻意炫耀奢侈生活的图文视频信息，不得恶意炒作隐形炫富、故意攀比等问题。二是排查处置刻意展示春节期间暴饮暴食、大吃大喝画面，宣扬铺张浪费的信息。

　　——集中查处组织实施网络赌博、网络诈骗等违法违规行为。

　　一是持续清理赌博引流信息，坚决关闭春节期间组织赌博交易的违法网站平台，严肃查处借棋牌类小游戏、夺宝游戏等名义或者利用建群发红包等功能变相从事网络赌博的行为。二是从严整治借“春运红包补贴”“春节集福”“有偿转让福卡”等名义实施网络诈骗问题，严防借“红包雨”“薅羊毛”等活动诱骗用户刷单。

　　——加大封建迷信和不良现象整治力度。

　　一是持续清理鼓吹炒作封建迷信陋习的帖文、视频信息，处置提供算命、占卜违规服务等问题。二是严管借低俗着装、露骨动作等方式，打造“酒店媛”“景点媛”“雪媛”“农媛”“外卖媛”等各类低俗人设，进行炒作引流的问题。

　　——严管网络欺凌、网络沉迷等问题，加大未成年人保护力度。

　　一是集中清理欺凌恶搞未成年人，或者诱导其从事危险动作的视频内容，持续整治利用“网红儿童”牟利等问题。二是严管利用儿童智能设备、网络游戏、游戏直播等渠道，向未成年人传播色情低俗、血腥暴力信息等问题。三是集中整治违规租号买号，鼓励家长主动为未成年人设置青少年模式，预防未成年人尤其是农村留守儿童沉迷网络。

　　——深入整治虚假信息等问题，防止渲染灰暗情绪。

　　一是重点整治春节期间涉经济民生、食品卫生、安全事故等领域造谣传谣行为，加大对突发谣言信息的辟谣力度，及时澄清事实。二是持续加大对涉疫网络谣言的整治力度，查处编造春节疫情走势、杜撰最新防疫政策、伪造抗病毒秘方、虚构病患经历等问题，防止误导公众，造成社会恐慌。三是从严查处炮制年终催债讨债、破产倒闭、哭穷卖惨等虚假情节，借演绎情感纠纷、有悖家庭伦理等低俗庸俗剧情，诱骗网民打赏消费等问题。四是严格管控借发布回乡笔记、返乡见闻等不实信息刻意煽动地域攻击、散布焦虑情绪、渲染社会阴暗面等问题。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）